How to Get and Set Element Attributes using jQuery

Some of the simplest and most common, operations on jQuery objects are those that get or set the value of HTML attributes, CSS styles, element content, or element geometry. In this post I am going to describe the methods to get or set HTML element attributes using jQuery.

How to Get and Set HTML Attributes using jQuery

You can get or set HTML attributes using attr() method in jQuery. The attr() method handles browser incompatibilities and special cases and allows you to use either HTML attributes names or their JavaScript property equivalents.

Here are some examples of uses of attr() method for getting or setting HTML attributes.

$("form").attr("action");  
// It gets the action attribute from the first form.

$("#icon").attr("src", "icon.gif");  
// It sets the src attributes for image with id icon.

$("a").attr("target", "_blank");  
// It set the target attributes for all links to load in new windows 

$("a").attr("target", function(){
 if(this.host==location.host) return "_self"
 else return "_blank";
});

This function sets the attribute of all external links load in new windows and internal links load in the same window.

There is another method related to attr() is removeAttr(), which is related function that completely removes an attributes from all selected elements.

Here an example of uses of removeAttr() method for removing HTML attributes.

$("a").removeAttr("target");

It removes the target attribute of link and makes all links load in the same window.

How to Get and Set CSS Attributes using jQuery

The css() method is very much like attr() method, but is works with the CSS styles of an element rather than the HTML attributes of the element.

When querying style values, css() returns the current style of the element and the returned value may come from the style attribute or from a style-sheet.

Here are some examples getting and setting CSS attributes using attr() method.

$("h1").css("font-weight"); 
// It gets font weight of first <h1>

$("h1").css("font-variant", "smallcaps"); 
// It sets font-variant property of <h1> to smallcaps.

$("h1").css({backgroundColor:"black",textColor:"white",
 fontVariant:"small-caps", padding: "10px 2px 4px 20px", 
 border:"dotted black 4px"});   
// It sets multiple styles at once for <h1>

How to Get and Set CSS Classes using jQuery

jQuery defines convenience methods for working with the class attribute. addClass() and removeClass() add and remove classes from the selected elements. toogleClass() adds classes to elements that don't already have them and removes classes from those that do. hasClass() tests for the presence of a specified class.

Here are are some examples for adding css classes, removing css classes, toggling css classes and testing css classes.

Adding CSS Classes

$("h1").addClass("hilite");  
// It adds a class to all <h1> elements

$("h1+p").addClass("hilite first"); 
// It adds two classes to elements after <h1>

$("section").addClass(function(n){return "scetion"+n;}); 
// It passes a function to add a custom class to each matched element

Removing CSS classes

$("p").removeClass("hilite");  
// It removes a class from all p elements

$("p").removeClass("hilite first"); 
// It removes two classes from <p> elements

$("section").removeClass(function(n){return "scetion"+n;}); 
// It passes a function to remove a custom class to each matched element

Toggling CSS Classes

$("tr:odd").toggleClass("oddrow"); 
// It adds the class if it is not there or remove if it is.

$("h1").toggleClass("big bold");   
// It toggles two classes at once. 

$("h1").toggleClass(function(n){
return "big bold h1-" +n; });  
// It toggles a computed class or classes.

$("h1").toggleClass("hilite", true); 
// It works like addclass

$("h1").toggleClass("hilite", false); 
// It works like removeclass

Testing CSS Classes

$("p").hasClass("first")  
// It tests any p element have class first

$("#lead").is("first") 
// It test any element with id lead have class first

The hasClass() method is less flexible than addclass(), removeClass, and toggleClass(). hasClass() works for only a single class name and does not support function arguments. It returns true if any of the selected elements has the specified CSS class and returns false if none of them do. The is() method is more flexible and can be used for the same purpose.

How to Get and Set HTML Form Values Using jQuery

For setting and querying the value attribute of HTML form elements val() method is used and it is also used for querying and setting the selection state of check-boxes, radio buttons, and select elements. Here are some examples of getting and setting HTML form values using val() method. 

$("#firstname").val()  
// It gets value from the firstname text field.

$("select #extras").val() 
// It gets array of values from <select multiple< from element. 

$("input:radio[name=ship]:checked").val() 
// It gets value of checked radio button.

How to Get and Set Element Content Using jQuery

The text() and html() methods query and set the plain-text or HTML content of an element or elements. When invoked with no arguments, text() returns the plain text content of all descendant text nodes of all matched elements. This works even in browsers that do not support the textContent or innerText properties. Here are some examples of getting and setting element content using text() and html() method 

var title=$("head title").text() //It gets document title
var headline=$("h1").html() 
//It gets the html of first <h1> element

$("h1").text(function(n,current){
 return "$" + (n+1) + ": "+current }); 
// It gives section number for each headings

How to Get and Set Element Geometry Using jQuery

To query or set the position of an element, use the offset() method. This method measures positions relative to the document and returns them in the form of an object with left and top properties that hold the X and Y coordinates. It you pass an object with these properties to the method, it sets the position you specify. Here are some examples of getting and setting element geometry using offset() method 

var elt=$("#sprite");
var position=elt.offset(); 
// It gets the current position of an elememt
position.top +=100;
// It changes its Y coordinate 100px.
elt.offset(position);

How to Get and Set Element Data Using jQuery

jQuery defines a getter or setter method named data() that sets or queries data associated with any document element or with the Document or window objects. You can also use removeData() method to remove data from an element or elements. Here are some examples of getting and setting element data using data() method removing data using removeData() method. 

$("div").data("x",1); 
//It sets some data "x" to div
$("div.nodata").removeData("x"); 
//It removes some data "x" from div with class nodata
var x=$("#mydiv").data("x"); 
//It query some data from element id "mydiv"

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How to Scroll Top or Bottom of Document Using JavaScript

jQuery() is a single global function defined by jQuery library. This function is so frequently used that the library also defines the global symbol $ as a shortcut for it.

This single global function with two names is the central query function for jQuery. For example, if you need to ask for the set of all <div> elements in a document, write the following code.

var divs=$("div");

The value returned by the jQuery() function represents a set of zero or more DOM elements is known as a jQuery object. jQuery objects define many methods for operating on the sets of elements they represent.

How to Obtain jQuery

jQuery library is free software. You can download if from http://www.jquery.com. Once you have download the code, you can include it in your web pages with a <script> element as given below.

<script src="jquery-1.11.2.min.js"></script>

Here the "min" in the filename indicates that this is the minimized version of the library, with unnecessary comments and whitespace removed, and internal identifiers replaced with shorter ones.

And another way to use jQuery in your web application is to allow a Content Distribution Network (CDN) to serve it using a URL like one of these. 

Google CDN

https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.2/jquery.min.js
https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.3/jquery.min.js

Microsoft CDN

http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jQuery/jquery-2.1.3.min.js
http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jQuery/jquery-1.11.2.min.js

jQuery CDN

http://code.jquery.com/jquery-2.1.3.min.js
http://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.11.2.min.js

If you use Google CDN, you can use "1.11" to get the latest release in the 1.11.x series, or just "1" to get the most current release less than 2.0.

The major advantage of loading jQuery from well-known URLs like these is that, because of jQuery's popularity, visitors to your website will likely already have a copy of the library in the browser's cache and no download will be necessary.

How to Use jQuery() Function

The jQuery() function is the most important one in the jQuery library. It is heavily overloaded, however, and there are four different ways you can invoke it.

The first, and the most common way to invoke $() is to pass a CSS selector to it. Which returns the set of elements from the current document that match the selector as given in the example below.

var id=$("#id");
var class=$(".class");

And the another way to invoke $() is to pass it an Element or Document or Window object. It simply wraps the element, document or window in a jQuery object and returns that object. Doing this allows you to use jQuery methods to manipulate the element rather than using raw DOM methods. For example you can call $(document) or $(this) to pass document or current element.

The third way to invoke $() is to pass it a string of HTML text. When you do this, jQuery creates the HTML element or elements described by that text and then returns a jQuery object representing those elements.

When invoked in this way, $() accepts an optional second argument. You can pass a document object to specify the document with which the elements are to be associated. If you do this, the object properties are assumed to specify the names and values of HTML attributes to be set on the object.

Here is an example, where three arguments are used to set the url, css of the image and the click event on the image.

var img=$("<img />"),
    {src:url,
    css:{borderWidth:5},
    click:handleClick
    });

And the fourth way to invoke $() is to pass a function to it. If you do this, the function you pass will be invoked when the document has been loaded and the DOM is ready to be manipulated. For example here is a jQuery version of onLoad() function which is invoked when the document has loaded.

$(function(){
// jQuery code
});

Read Next:How to Get and Set Element Attributes using jQuery

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How to Show Pop Up Window Using JavaScript

There are different methods to scroll HTML document using JavaScript, You can scroll the document to Top, Bottom or in any part or to view any element in the document using JavaScript.

To scroll the document using JavaScript, there is a scrollTo() method in window object which takes the X and Y coordinates of a point and sets these as the scrollbar offsets.

The scrollTo() method scrolls the window so that the specified point is in the upper left corner of the view-port. If you specify a point that is too close to the bottom or too close to the right edge of the document, the browser will move it as close as possible to the upper left corner.

How to Scroll Bottom of Document Using JavaScript

You can use the following set of JavaScript codes that scroll the browser to the bottom most page of the document.

var documentHeight=documentElement.offsetHeight;
var viewportHeight=window.innerHeight;
window.scrollTo(0, documentHeight-viewportHeight);

Here the first variable documentHeight specifies the read only offsetHeight properties of any HTML element return its on screen height, in CSS pixels and the returned size include the element border and padding but not margin.

And the second variable, viewportHeight specifies the height of viewport, which is obtained from innerHeight property of window object.

You can execute this code on onclick event of JavaScript hyperlink or on onclik event of any button or text as given below.

function gobottom(){
var documentHeight=document.documentElement.offsetHeight;
var viewportHeight=window.innerHeight;
window.scrollTo(0,documentHeight-viewportHeight);
}

You can call this function gobottom() within HTML file as below.

<input type="button" value="Go To Bottom" onclick="gobottom();"> 

On the other way, you can execute onclick event of button with assigning a function on onload event of window as below.

<script>
window.onload=function(){
var bottom=document.getElementById('bottom');
bottom.onclick=function(){
var documentHeight=document.documentElement.offsetHeight;
var viewportHeight=window.innerHeight;
window.scrollTo(0,documentHeight-viewportHeight);}
</script>

You can call this function by placing id attribute within HTML file as below.

<input type="button" value="Go To Bottom" id="bottom"> 

Preview:

How to Scroll Top of Document Using JavaScript

You can use the following JavaScript code that scroll the browser to the top most page of the document.

window.scroll(0,0);

You can execute this code on onclick event of JavaScript hyper-link or on onclick event of any button or text as given below.

<script>
window.onload=function(){
var top=document.getElementById('top');
top.onclick=function(){window.scrollTo(0,0);}
</script>

You can call this function by placing id attribute within HTML file as given below.

<input type="button" value="Go To Top" id="top"> 

Preview:

How to Scroll Document Automatically Using JavaScript

You can scroll the document automatically using scrollBy() method which is similar to scroll() and scrollTo(), but its arguments are relative and are added to the current scrollbar offsets.

For example, you can use the following code to scroll 10 pixels down every 200ms.

javascript:void setInterval(function(){scrollBy(0,10)}, 200);

How to Scroll Document to View Certain Element Using JavaScript  

Instead of scrolling to a numeric location in document, you can just scroll that a certain element in the document is visible. It can be done easily scrollIntoView() method on the desired HTML element and this method insures that the element on which it is invoked is visible in the viewport.

By default, the scrollIntoView() method tries to put the top edge of the element at or near the top of the viewport. The browser will also scroll the viewport horizontally as needed to make the element visible.

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How to Show Pop Up Window Using JavaScript

You can create dynamic table of contents for any HTML document using JavaScript which can show the list of headings from h1 to h6 with links to the headings and make easier to navigate through the document.

In this post I am going to describe about the steps to Create Table of Contents Using JavaScript and about the JavaScript codes required to create dynamic table of contents.

To create this set of JavaScript codes for creating table of contents, at first you have to know the different JavaScript concepts like selecting elements, document traversal, setting element attributes, setting innerHTML property, creating nodes and inserting then into the document.

Steps to Create Table of Contents Using JavaScript

At first create window.onload function that runs automatically when the document finishes loading as given below.

window.onload=function(){

function getSelectedText(){
if (window.getSelection)
return window.getSelection().toString()+"
"+document.URL;
else if (document.selection)
 return document.selection.createRange().text+"
"+document.URL;
}
var toc=document.getElementById("TOC");
if(!toc) {
 toc=document.createElement("div");
 toc.id="TOC";
 document.body.insertBefore(toc, document.body.firstChild);
}

When the above function runs, it first looks for a document element with an id of "TOC". If there is no such element it creates on at the start of the document.

Add the following codes to the function to find all <h1> through <h6> tags and sets them as headings.

var headings;
if (document.querySelectorAll) 
headings=document.querySelectorAll("h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6");
else
headings=findHeadings(document.body, []);

Then recursively traverse the document body looking for headings using function: findHeadings(root, sects){  }

Initialize an array: var sectionNumber=[0,0,0,0,0,0]; that keeps track of section numbers and add section numbers to each section numbers to each section heading and wrap the headings in named anchors so that the TOC can link to them.

Write CSS code to style created table of contents. Where all entries have a class "TOCEntry" and the section headings from <h1> to <h6> have class name "TOCLevel1" to "TOCLevel6" and the section number inserted into headings have class "TOCSectNum".

Full CSS Code To Style Table of Contents

 Here is a full CSS code within <style> </style> tag to style table of contents.

<style>
#TOC {border:solid black 1px; margin:10px; padding:10px;}
.TOCEntry{font-family:sans-serief;}
.TOCEntry a{text-decoration:none;}
.TOCLevel1{font-size:17pt; font-weight:bold;}
.TOCLevel2{font-size:16pt; font-weight:bold;}
.TOCLevel3{font-size:15pt; font-weight:bold;}
.TOCLevel4{font-size:14pt; margin-left:.25in;}
.TOCSectNum{display:none;}
</style>

Full JavaScript Code To Create Table of Contents

Here is a full JavaScript Code To Create Table of Contents within <script> </script> tag.

<script>
window.onload=function(){

function getSelectedText(){
if (window.getSelection)
return window.getSelection().toString()+"<br/>"+document.URL;
else if (document.selection)
 return document.selection.createRange().text+"<br/>"+document.URL;
}

var toc=document.getElementById("TOC");
if(!toc) {
 toc=document.createElement("div");
 toc.id="TOC";
 document.body.insertBefore(toc, document.body.firstChild);
}
var headings;
if (document.querySelectorAll) 
headings=document.querySelectorAll("h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6");
else
headings=findHeadings(document.body, []);

function findHeadings(root, sects){
 for(var c=root.firstChild; c!=null; c=c.nextSibling){
if (c.nodeType!==1) continue;
if (c.tagName.length==2 && c.tagName.charAt(0)=="H")
sects.push(c);
else
findHeadings(c, sects);
}
return sects;
}

var sectionNumbers=[0,0,0,0,0,0];

for(var h=0; h<headings.length; h++) {
 var heading=headings[h];

if(heading.parentNode==toc) continue;

var level=parseInt(heading.tagName.charAt(1));
if (isNaN(level)||level<1||level>6) continue;

sectionNumbers[level-1]++;
for(var i=level; i<6; i++) sectionNumbers[i]=0;

var sectionNumber=sectionNumbers.slice(0, level).join(".");

var span=document.createElement("span");
span.className="TOCSectNum";
span.innerHTML=sectionNumber;
heading.insertBefore(span, heading.firstChild);
heading.id="TOC"+sectionNumber;
var anchor=document.createElement("a");
heading.parentNode.insertBefore(anchor, heading);
anchor.appendChild(heading);

var link=document.createElement("a");
link.href="#TOC"+sectionNumber; 
link.innerHTML=heading.innerHTML;

var entry=document.createElement("div");
entry.className="TOCEntry TOCLevel" + level;
entry.appendChild(link);

toc.appendChild(entry);
}
};

</script>

You can see the preview of Table of contents generated by JavaScript code above. If you have any problem or difficulties while implementing the above JavaScript code, you are welcomed to mention on the comment session at the bottom this post.

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How to Show Pop Up Window Using JavaScript

You have to select the document elements for manipulation of elements of document to complete any task for the document design or action of the document using JavaScript codes.

There are number of ways to select elements to query a document for an element or elements in order to manipulate elements of the document, to obtain or select the element objects that refer to those document elements.

The different ways to select elements to query a document are explained below.

Selecting Elements By ID Attribute

Any of the HTML element can have the unique id attribute within the document. You can select an element based on this unique id with getElementById() method of the document object.

To select any element with id 'elt' you can use the following code.

var elt=document.getElementById('elt');

Selecting Elements By Name Attribute

Name attribute assigns the name of the element and it does not have to be unique. You can select the elements by name using getElementsByName() method.

To select any element with name 'address' you can use the following code.

var addresses=document.getElementsByName("address");

If there is a only one element with a given name, you use the name directly as the document property to assign the value of the element as given below.

To get the element for the from <form name="addresses">, you can use the following code.

var addresses=document.addresses;

Selecting Elements By TagName

You can select any HTML or XML elements by tagName using the getElementsByTagName() method of the document object. To select all <p> elements, you can use the following code.

var para=document.getElementsByTagName("p");

You can select any element with given tagName with specifying the position number according to the order of the document. You can select first <p> element of the document using the following.

var firstpara=document.getElementsByTagName("p")[0];

Also to find all <span> elements inside the first <p> element of document, you can write.

var firstpara=document.getElementsByTagName("p")[0];
var firstparaspans=firstpara.getElementsByTagName("span");

Selecting Elements By CSS Class

It is the another way to select elements from the document. You can select one or more elements with the given class name by using getElementsByClassName() method.

To select elements with ClassName 'color' you can use the following code.

var colors=document.getElementByClassName("color");

If you have to select elements having more than one class name, can do as below.

To select any element with ClassName 'color'  and 'design' you can use the following code.

var colors=document.getElementByClassName("color design");

Selecting Elements By CSS Selectors

You can also select document elements with specifying CSS selectors which are used on CSS style-sheet. You can select one or more elements with the given CSS selectors by using querySelectorAll method.

To select an element with id 'nav' you can use the following code.

var nav=document.querySelectorAll("#nav");

To select a paragraph written in english you can use the following code.

var eng=document.querySelectorAll("p[lang="en"]");

Here are other examples of CSS selectors to select elements from the document.

#log span     // selects any <span> descendant of the element with id="log"

#log>span     // Selects <span> child of the element with id="log"

*[name="x"]     // Selects any element with a name="x" attribute.


You can also use document.all[] method, which is a collection that represented all the elements in the document as the following although this method is replaced by standard methods like getElementById() and getElementsByTagName().

document.all[0]         // Selects the first element in the document
document.all["navbar"]         // Selects all elements with id or name="navbar"
document.all.tags("div")     // Selects all <div> elements in the document
document.all.tags("p")[0]     // The first <p> in the document

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How to go Back Browsing History Using JavaScript

You can show pop up window By using JavaScript window.open() method which loads specified URL into a new or existing window and returns the window object that represents that window.

The window.open() method takes four optional arguments which are URL of the window, Window name, attributes of window, the boolean value to replace or not the current window.

Syntax: window.open("windowname.html", "New Window", "width=width in pixel, height=height in pixel, status=yes or no, resizable=yes or no");

The first argument of window.open() method allows to display given URL in the new window. If the argument is omitted, the special blank-page URL:about:blank is used.

The second argument of window.open() method is a string which specifies a window name. If the argument is omitted, the special name "_blank" is used which opens a new, unnamed window.

The third optional argument of window.open() method is a comma-separated list of size and features attributes for the new window to be opened. If you omit this argument, the new window is given a default size and has a full set of UI components: a menu bar, status bar, toolbar etc.

The fourth optional argument of window.open() is useful only when the second argument names an existing window. It is a boolean value that indicates whether the URL specified as the first argument should replace the current entry in the window's browsing history: written true, or create a new entry in the window's browsing history: written false. And omitting the argument is same as written false.

Here is an example to open a small but resizable browser window with a status bar but no menu bar, tool-bar, or location bar.

window.open("new_window.html", "New Window", "width=400, 
height=350, status=yes, resizable=yes");

Here status bar is showing using status=yes and the window is resizable  using resizable=yes, if you don't want to show status bar, you can use status=no and want the fixed window, can use resizable=no in the argument.

To open a new pop up window on onclick event of button, you can use the following code.

<input type=button name="open" value="Open window"
onclick="window.open('http://www.siteforinfotech.com/p/about-us.html 
','new window', 'width=400, height=350, status=yes, resizable=yes');">

Preview:



To open a new pop up window on <a> href link, you can use the following code.

<a href="javascript:void window.open
('http://www.siteforinfotech.com/p/about-us.html', 'new window', 
'width=400, height=350, status=yes, resizable=yes');
">Open Pop Up window</a>

Preview:

Open Pop Up window

The return value of the window.open() method is the window object that represents the named or newly created window. You can use this window object in you JavaScript code to refer to the new window and to specify the properties on it as given below.

var w=window.open();
w.alert("You are going to visit:http://www.siteforinfotech.com");
w.location="http://www.siteforinfotech.com";

Here you can specify other properties like width, height, status, resizable given above. And you can assign variable w for any windows event or on any event trigger using JavaScript.

"Pop Up" and "Pop Under" advertisements are made by using this method window.open() while you browse the web. JavaScript codes that tries to open a pop up window when the browser first loads, browsers blocked them. So the advertisements are made to run pop up windows only in response to a user action such as clicking on button and clicking on link. 

Related Search Terms

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• Show Pop Up Using JavaScript

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How to go Back Browsing History Using JavaScript

The history property of the window object refers to the history object for the window. Using history in JavaScript you can go back to the previous browsing history. 

The history object models the browsing history of a window as a list of document and document states and the length property of the history object specifies the number of elements in the browsing history list.

The history object has back() and forward() methods that behave like the browser's back and forward buttons do, they make the browser go backward or forward one step in its browsing history.

history.back();     // Go back to the browsing history
history.forward(); //Go forward to the browsing history

Creating Buttons for History Back and Forward

You can create buttons to navigate browsing history back and forward using the following code.

<input type=button name="back" value="Go Back" onclick="history.back();">

<input type=button name="forward" 
value="Go Forward"onclick="history.forward();">

Preview:




A third method, go(), takes an integer argument and can skip any number of pages forward or backward in the history list.

history.go(-2) //go back 2, like clicking the back button twice

Creating Buttons for History Back and Forward for Specific Page

You can create buttons to navigate browsing history two step back using the following code.

<input type=button name="backward2"
value="Go Back 2" onclick="history.go(-2);">

Preview:




Using history.go() method, if you want to go forward, can use positive arguments and if you want to go back, can use negative argument and the number used on the argument represents how many steps to go back or forward.

For example, if you want to go two step forward to the browsing history, can use history.go(2); and if you want to go three step backward to the browsing history, can use history.go(-3);
 
If  a window contains child windows such as <iframe> elements, the browsing histories of the child windows are chronologically interleaved with the history of the main window.  This means that calling history.back(); on the main window may cause one of the child windows to navigate back to a previously displayed document but leave the main window in its current state.

If a frame is contained within another frame that is contained within a top-level window, that frame can refer to the top-level window as parent. For parent window to navigate back to a previously displayed document you can use parent property as below.

parent.history.back();


I have described here some methods of navigating browsing history back and forward using JavaScript . If you know other more methods of navigating browsing history back and forward using JavaScript, you are welcomed to mention on the comment session at the bottom this post.

Related Search Terms

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