Solved MCQ on Tree and Graph in Data Structure set-1

1) The operation of processing each element in the list is known as ......

A. sorting

B. merging

C. inserting

D. traversal


2) Other name for directed graph is ..........

A. Direct graph

B. Digraph

C. Dir-graph

D. Digraph


3) Binary trees with threads are called as .......

A. Threaded trees

B. Pointer trees

C. Special trees

D. Special pointer trees


4) Graph G is .............. if for any pair u, v of nodes in G there is a path from u to v or path from v to u.

A. Leterally connected

B. Widely Connected

C. Unliterally connected

D. Literally connected


5) In Binary trees nodes with no successor are called ......

A. End nodes

B. Terminal nodes

C. Final nodes

D. Last nodes


6) A connected graph T without any cycles is called ........

A. free graph

B. no cycle graph

C. non cycle graph

D. circular graph


7) Trees are said .......... if they are similar and have same contents at corresponding nodes.

A. Duplicate

B. Carbon copy

C. Replica

D. Copies


8) A connected graph T without any cycles is called a ........

A. A tree graph

B. Free tree

C. A tree d

D. All of the above


9) Every node N in a binary tree T except the root has a unique parent called the ......... of N.

A. Antecedents

B. Predecessor

C. Forerunner

D. Precursor


10) In a graph if E=(u,v) means ......

A. u is adjacent to v but v is not adjacent to u

B. e begins at u and ends at v

C. u is processor and v is successor

D. both b and c



11) Sequential representation of binary tree uses ........

A. Array with pointers

B. Single linear array

C. Two dimentional arrays

D. Three dimentional arrays


12) In a graph if e=[u,v], Then u and v are called ........

A. End points of e

B. Adjacent nodes

C. Neighbours

D. All of the above


13) TREE[1]=NULL indicates tree is ........

A. Overflow

B. Underflow

C. Empty

D. Full


14) A binary tree whose every node has either zero or two children is called .......

A. complete binary tree

B. binary search tree

C. extended binary tree

D. data structure


15) Linked representation of binary tree needs ......... parallel arrays.

A. 4

B. 2

C. 3

D. 5


16) The depth of complete binary tree is given by ......

A. Dn = n log2n

B. Dn= n log2n+1

C. Dn = log2n

D. Dn = log2n+1


17) In a 2-tree, nodes with 0 children are called ............

A. Exterior node

B. Outside node

C. Outer node

D. External node


18) Which indicates pre-order traversal?

A. Left sub-tree, Right sub-tree and root

B. Right sub-tree, Left sub-tree and root

C. Root, Left sub-tree, Right sub-tree

D. Right sub-tree, root, Left sub-tree



19) In a extended-binary tree nodes with 2 children are called ........

A. Interior node

B. Domestic node

C. Internal node

D. Inner node


20) A terminal node in a binary tree is called ............

A. Root

B. Leaf

C. Child

D. Branch

Answers:

1) D. traversal

2) D. Digraph

3) A. Threaded trees
4) C. Unliterally connected
5) B. Terminal nodes
6) A. free graph
7) D. Copies
8) D. All of the above
9) B. Predecessor
10) D. both b and c
11) A. Array with pointers
12) D. All of the above
13) C. Empty
14) C. extended binary tree
15) C. 3
16) D. Dn = log2n+1
17) D. External node

18) C. Root, Left sub-tree, Right sub-tree

19) C. Internal node
20) B. Leaf

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Interview Questions on Stack and Queue in Data Structure set-2

1) The queue in which the insertion takes place in the first position after of last element is a ......

A. priority

B. dequeue

C. circular

D. linked


2) Before inserting into stack one must check the condition .........

A. Overflow

B. Underflow

C. Maximum elements

D. Existing elements


3) The another name of dequeue is .........

A. divided queue

B. distributed queue

C. double ended queue

D. design queue


4) Before deletion condition into stack ...... has to be checked.

A. Overflow

B. Underflow

C. Maximum elements

D. Existing elements


5) In dequeue, insertion and deletion takes place of ..........

A. front, rear end

B. only at rear end

C. only at front end

D. both the ends


6) When does Top value of stack change in insertion process?

A. Before insertion

B. After insertion

C. At the time of insertion

D. While checking overflow


7) A queue in which insertion and deletion takes places from any position is called ......

A. circular queue

B. random of queue

C. priority

D. dequeue


8) Deletion in the linked stack takes place by deleting ........

A. Node pointed by the start process.

B. End of the list

C. Beginning of the list

D. Middle of the list


9) Which of the following name does not relate to stacks?

A. FIFO lists

B. LIFO list

C. piles

D. push-down lists


10) The condition ........ indicate the queue is empty.

A. Front=Null

B. Null=Front

C. Front=Rear

D. Rear=Null



11) Which of the following is not the type of queue?

A. Ordinary queue

B. Special queue

C. Priority queue

D. Circular queue


12) The value of REAR is increased by 1 when .......

A. An element is deleted in a queue

B. An element is traversed in a queue

C. An element is added in a queue

D. An element is merged in a queue


13) The operations that can be done in a circular queue is/are .....

A. Insert from the front end

B. Delete from front end

C. Display queue contents

D. All of the above


14) The term dequeue is the contraction of the name ........

A. Double ended queue

B. Double sided queue

C. Double headed queue

D. Double address queue


15) The various operations that can be performed on stacks is/are .....

A. Insert an item into the stack

B. Delete an item from the stack

C. Display the contents of the stack

D. All of the above


16) ............. is a collection of elements such that each element has been assigned a processing priority.

A. Priority queue

B. Procedure queue

C. Main queue

D. Interrupt queue


17) The deletion operation in stack is called ......

A. insert

B. push

C. pop

D. top


18) Link fields holds pointers to the .......... element in the linked representation of stack.

A. Neighbouring

B. Last

C. First

D. Middle


19) The pointer associated with the stack is ...........

A. front

B. rear

C. top

D. link


20) Reversing a great deal of space for each stack in memory will ...........

A. Decrease the numbers of times overflow may occur

B. Increase the numbers of times overflow may occur

C. Increase the number of times underflow may occur

D. Increase the number of times underflow may occur.

Answers:

1) C. circular
2) A. Overflow
3) C. double ended queue
4) B. Underflow
5) D. both the ends
6) A. Before insertion
7) C. priority
8) A. Node pointed by the start process
9) A. FIFO lists
10) A. Front=Null
11) B. Special queue
12) C. An element is added in a queue
13) D. All of the above
14) A. Double ended queue
15) D. All of the above
16) A. Priority queue
17) C. pop
18) A. Neighbouring
19) C. top
20) A. Decrease the numbers of times overflow may occur

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Solved MCQ on Stack and Queue in Data Structure set-1

1) ......... form of access is used to add and remove nodes from a queue.

A. LIFO, Last In First Out

B. FIFO, First In First Out

C. Both a and b

D. None of these


2) In liked representation of stack ....... holds the elements of the stack.

A. INFO fields

B. TOP fields

C. LINK fields

D. NULL fields


3) ........ form of access is used to add remove nodes from a stack.

A. LIFO

B. FIFO

C. Both A and B

D. None of these


4) In the linked representation of the stack ......... behaves as the top pointer variable of stack.

A. Stop pointer

B. Begin pointer

C. Start pointer

D. Avail pointer


5) New nodes are added to the ......... of the queue.

A. Front

B. Back

C. Middle

D. Both A and B


6) In linked representation of stack the null pointer of the last node in the list signals ..........

A. Beginning of the stack

B. Bottom of the stack

C. Middle of the stack

D. In between some value


7) What happens when you push a new node onto a stack?

A. The new node is placed at the front of the linked list

B. The new node is placed at the back of the linked list

C. The new node is placed at the middle of the linked list

D. No Changes happens


8) A queue is a .........

A. FIFO

B. LIFO

C. FILO

D. LOFI


9) Which of the following name does not relate to stacks?

A. FIFO lists

B. LIFO lists

C. Piles

D. Push down lists


10) The retrieval of items in a stack is ........... operation.

A. push

B. pop

C. retrieval

D. access



11) The term push and pop is related to

A. Array

B. Lists

C. Stacks

D. Trees


12) Which is the pointer associated with the stack?

A. FIRST

B. FRONT

C. TOP

D. REAR


13) The elements are removal from a stack in .......... order.

A. Reverse

B. Hierarchical

C. Alternative

D. Sequential


14) The insertion operation in the stack is called .........

A. insert

B. push

C. pop

D. top


15) ...... is the term used to insert an element into stack.

A. Push

B. Pull

C. Pop

D. Pump


16) Stack follows the strategy of ........

A. LIFO

B. FIFO

C. LRU

D. RANDOM


17) .......... is the term used to delete an element from the stack.

A. Push

B. Pull

C. Pop

D. Pump


18) Deletion operation is done using ......... in a queue.

A. front

B. rear

C. top

D. list


19) A pointer variable which contains the location at the top element of the stack is called .....

A. Top

B. Last

C. Final

D. End


20) Which of the following is an application of stack?

A. finding factorial

B. tower of Hanoi

C. infix to postfix

D. all of the above

Answers:

1) B. FIFO, First In First Out
2) A. INFO fields
3) A. LIFO
4) C. Start pointer
5) B. Back
6) B. Bottom of the stack
7) A. The new node is placed at the front of the linked list
8) A. FIFO
9) A. FIFO lists
10) B. pop
11) C. Stacks
12) C. TOP
13) A. Reverse
14) B. push
15) A. Push
16) A. LIFO
17) C. Pop
18) A. front
19) A. Top
20) D. all of the above

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Solved MCQ on Database Backup and Recovery in DBMS set-1

1) Which of the following is not a recovery technique?

A. Deferred update

B. Immediate update

C. Two-phase commit

D. Recovery management

2)Checkpoints are a part of

A. Recovery measures

B. Security measures

C. Concurrency measures

D. Authorization measures

3) ....... deals with soft errors, such as power failures.

A. system recovery

B. media recovery

C. database recovery

D. failure recovery

4) ........... is an essential part of any backup system.

A. Filter

B. Recovery

C. Security

D. Scalability

5) Media recovery deals with ...........

A. disk errors

B. hard errors

C. system errors

D. power failures

6) For a backup/restore system, ............. is a prerequisite for service in a enterprise.

A. Filter

B. Recovery

C. Security

D. Scalability

7) Failure recovery and media recovery fall under ........

A. transaction recovery

B. database recovery

C. system recovery

D. value recovery

8) The .......... consists of the various applications and database that play a role in a backup and recovery strategy.

A. Recovery Manager environment

B. Recovery Manager suit

C. Recovery Manager file

D. Recovery Manager database

9) In which the database can be restored up to the last consistent state after the system failure?

A. Backup

B. Recovery

C. Both

D. None

10) A ........... is a block of Recovery Manager(RMAN)job commands that is stored in the recovery catalogue.

A. recovery procedure

B. recovery block

C. stored block

D. stored script

11) In log based recovery, the log is sequence of .........

A. filter

B. records

C. blocks

D. numbers

12) The enrolling of a database in a recovery catalogue is called .........

A. set up

B. registration

C. start up

D. enrolment

13) .......... is an alternative of log based recovery.

A. Disk recovery

B. Shadow paging

C. Dish shadowing

D. Crash recovery

14) Most backup and recovery commands in ........... are executed by server sessions.

A. Backup Manager

B. Recovery Manager

C. Backup and Recovery Manager

D. Database Manager

15) ........ systems typically allows to replace failed disks without stopping access to the system.

A. RAM

B. RMAN

C. RAD

D. RAID

16) An ......... is an exact copy of a single datafile, archived redo log file, or control file.

A. image copy

B. datafile copy

C. copy log

D. control copy

17) .......... known as memory-style error correcting-code(ECC) organization, employs parity bits.

A. RAID level 1

B. RAID level 2

C. RAID level 3

D. RAID level 4

18) The remote backup site is sometimes called the .......... site.

A. primary

B. secondary

C. ternary

D. None of the above

19) EXP command is used ...........

A. to take Backup of the Oracle Database

B. to import data from the exported dump file

C. to create Rollback segments

D. to create Schedule.

20) The simplest approach to introducing redundancy is to duplicate every disk is called .....

A. mirroring

B. imaging

C. copying

D. All of the above

Answers:

1) C. Two-phase commit

2) A. Recovery measures

3) D. failure recovery

4) C. Security

5) A. disk errors

6) D. Scalability

7) C. system recovery

8) A. Recovery Manager environment

9) B. Recovery

10) D. stored script

11) B. records

12) B. registration

13) B. Shadow paging

14) B. Recovery Manager

15) D. RAID

16) A. image copy

17) B. RAID level 2

18)  B. secondary

19) A. to take Backup of the Oracle Database 

20) A. mirroring

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Solved MCQ on Distributed Database Transaction Management set-4

1) Commit and rollback are related to ..........

A. data integrity

B. data consistency

C. data sharing

D. data security

2) The transaction wants to edit the data item is called as .......

A. Exclusive Mode

B. Shared Mode

C. Inclusive Mode

D. Unshared Mode

3) For committing a transaction, the DBMS might discard all the records.

A. after image

B. before image

C. log

D. redo log

4) A sophisticated locking mechanism known as 2-phase locking which includes Growing phase and .......

A. Shrinking Phase

B. Release phase

C. Commit phase

D. Acquire Phase

5) A Transaction ends

A. only when it is Committed.

B. only when it is Rolled-back

C. when it is Committed or Rolled-back

D. only when it is initialized

6) In .........., each transactions there is a first phase during which new lock are acquired.

A. Shrinking Phase

B. Release phase

C. Commit phase

D. Growing Phase

7) A transaction processing system is also called as .......

A. processing monitor

B. transaction monitor

C. TP monitor

D. monitor

8) The transactions are always ......... if it always locks a data item in shared mode before reading it.

A. well formed

B. well distributed

C. well locked

D. well shared

9) .......... servers which is widely used in relational database systems.

A. Data servers

B. Transaction servers

C. Query servers

D. Client servers

10) If a distributed transactions are well-formed and 2-phasedlocked, then ................ is the correct locking mechanism in distributed transaction as well as in centralized databases.

A. two phase locking

B. three phase locking

C. transaction locking

D. well-formed locking

11) ......... property will check whether all the operation of a transaction completed or none.

A. Atomicity

B. Consistency

C. Isolation

D. Durability

12) The total ordering of operations across groups ensures ...........of transactions.

A. serializability

B. synchronizability

C. atomicity

D. durability

13) In which state, the transaction will wait for the final statement has been executed?

A. Active

B. Failed

C. Aborted

D. partially committed

14) The ORDER concurrency control technique is based on the property.

A. ordering mechanism

B. inherent ordering

C. total ordering

D. partial ordering

15) Transactions per rollback segment is derived from .....

A. Db_Block_Buffers

B. Processes

C. shared_Pool_size

D. buffers

16) The ............is responsible for ensuring correct execution in the presence of failures.

A. Database Manager

B. Transaction Manager

C. Recovery Manager

D. Executive Manager

17) A distributed transaction can be ............. if queries are issued at one or more nodes.

A. fully read-only

B. partially read-only

C. fully read-write

D. partially read-write

18) The distributed transaction can be completely read-only and the transaction is started with a .......... READ ONLY statement.

A. DISTRIBUTED_TRANSACTIONS

B. TRANSACTION

C. SET TRANSACTION

D. READ TRANSACTION

19) The initialization parameter ................. controls the number of possible distributed transactions in which a given instance can concurrently participate, both as a client and a server.

A. DISTRIBUTED_TRANSACTIONS

B. TRANSACTION

C. SET TRANSACTION

D. CONTROL TRANSACTION

20) A database administrator can manually force the COMMIT or ROLLBACK of a local ............ distributed transaction.

A. in-force

B. in-doubt

C. in-local

D. in-manual

Answers:

1) B. data consistency

2) A. Exclusive Mode

3) B. before image

4) A. Shrinking Phase

5) C. when it is Committed or Rolled-back

6) D. Growing Phase

7) C. TP monitor

8) A. well formed

9) B. Transaction servers

10) A. two phase locking

11) A. Atomicity

12) A. serializability

13) D. partially committed

14) C. total ordering

15) B. Processes

16) A. Database Manager

17) B. partially read-only

18) C. SET TRANSACTION

19) A. DISTRIBUTED_TRANSACTIONS

20) B. in-doubt

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Solved MCQ on Oracle Distributed Transaction set-3

1) A mechanism which ensures that simultaneous execution of more than one transaction does not lead to any database inconsistencies is called .................. mechanism.

A. transaction control

B. transaction management

C. concurrency parallelism

D. concurrency control

2) The transaction wants only to read the data item of mode is called as .......

A. Exclusive Mode

B. Shared Mode

C. Inclusive Mode

D. Unshared Mode

3) Any execution of a set of transactions is called as its .........

A. non-serial schedule

B. serial schedule

C. schedule

D. interleaved schedule

4) ............ is program or set of program that interacts with the database at some point in its execution.

A. A database system

B. A database application

C. Both

D. none

5) .......... component of a database is responsible for ensuring atomicity and durability.

A. recovery management

B. concurrency control

C. storage management

D. query evaluation engine

6) The activity of ensuring atomicity in the presence of Transaction aborts is called ..........

A. transaction control

B. transaction management

C. transaction recovery

D. concurrency control

7) A .............is a set of rules that state when a transaction may lock or unlock each of the data items in the database

A. concurrency control

B. transaction control

C. validation control

D. locking protocol

8) ..................  is a collection of programs performing all necessary action associated with a database.

A. Database associated

B. Database administrator

C. Database application

D. Database management system

9) Which protocol permits release of exclusive locks only at the end of transaction?

A. Graph based protocol

B. Strict two phase locking protocol

C. Two phase locking protocol

D. Rigorous Two phase locking protocol

10) The activity of providing Durability of the transaction is called .....

A. database control

B. transaction management

C. transaction recovery

D. database recovery

11) Which protocol allows a transaction to lock a new data item only if that transaction has not yet unlocked data item?

A. Graph based protocol.

B. Strict two phase locking protocol

C. Two phase locking protocol

D. Time stamp ordering scheme

12) .......... is a collection of application programs that interacts with the database along with DBMS.

A. A database system

B. A database application

C. Database administration

D. Data system

13) ........ ensures that once transaction completes successfully, the results of the operations become permanent.

A. serializability

B. synchronizability

C. atomicity

D. durability

14) A ....... contains information for undoing or redoing all the actions performed by the transactions.

A. save point

B. log

C. node

D. commit_point

15) A ............. is a unit of program execution that accesses and possibly updates various data items.

A. DBMS

B. monitor

C. transaction

D. transistor

16) Transaction is an action used to perform some manipulation on data stored in the ........

A. Memory

B. Record

C. Database

D. All of these

17) A transaction is terminated if it has ........

A. aborted

B. committed

C. running state

D. aborted or committed

18) The two possible communication errors are, Lost messages and .......

A. Network Partitions

B. Lost acknowledgement

C. Timeout

D. log error

19) The only way to undo the effects of a committed transaction is to execute a .......

A. committed transaction

B. compensating transaction

C. supplementary transaction

D. update query

20) In .........., one or more users/programs attempt to access the same data at the same time.

A. concurrency

B. transaction control

C. locking

D. two phase locking

Answers:

1) D. concurrency control

2) B. Shared Mode

3) C. schedule

4) B. A database application

5) A. recovery management

6) C. transaction recovery

7) D. locking protocol

8) D. Database management system

9) B. Strict two phase locking protocol

10) D. database recovery

11) C. Two phase locking protocol

12) A. A database system

13) D. durability

14) B. log

15) C. transaction

16) C. Database

17) C. running state

18) A. Network Partitions

19) B. compensating transaction

20) A. concurrency

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Solved MCQ on Transaction Management in DBMS set-2

1) In the ............, one transaction inserts a row in the table while the other transaction is half way through its browsing of table.

A. transaction read problem

B. one way read problem

C. serial read problem

D. phantom read problem

2) Transaction processing is associated with everything below except.

A. producing detail, summery, or exception reports

B. recording a business activity

C. confirming an action or triggering a response

D. maintaining data

3) .......... helps solve concurrency problem.

A. locking

B. transaction monitor

C. transaction serializability

D. two phase commit

4) If a transaction acquires a shared lock, then it can perform .......... operation.

A. read

B. write

C. read and write

D. update

5) If a transaction obtains a shared lock on a row, it means that the transaction wants to ..... that row.

A. write

B. insert

C. execute

D. read

6) The node where the distributed transaction originates is called the .......

A. local coordinator

B. starting coordinator

C. global coordinator

D. originating node

7) If a transaction obtains an exclusive lock on a row, it means that the transaction wants to ....... that row.

A. select

B. update

C. view

D. read

8) If a transaction acquires exclusive lock, then it can perform .......... operation.

A. read

B. write

C. read and write

D. update

9) ........ is a specific concurrency problem wherein two transactions depend on each other for something.

A. phantom read problem

B. transaction read problem

C. deadlock

D. locking

10) If a database server is referenced in a distributed transaction, the value of its commit point strength determines which role it plays in the .........

A. two phase commit

B. two phase locking

C. transaction locking

D. checkpoints

11) Transaction .......... ensures that the transaction are being executed successfully.

A. concurrency

B. consistency

C. serialisability

D. non serialiasability

12) The situation in which a transaction holds a data item and waits for the release of data item held by some other transaction, which in turn waits for another transaction, is called .......

A. serialiable schedule

B. process waiting

C. concurrency

D. deadlock

13) ............ protocol grantees that a set of transactions becomes serialisable.

A. two phase locking

B. two phase commit

C. transaction locking

D. checkpoints

14) The global coordinator forgets about the transaction phase is called .........

A. Prepare phase

B. Commit phase

C. Forget phase

D. Global phase

15) In two phase commit, .......... coordinates the synchronization of the commit or rollback operations.

A. database manager

B. central coordinator

C. participants

D. concurrency control manager

16) In two-phase locking protocol, a transaction obtains locks in ........phase.

A. shrinking phase

B. growing phase

C. running phase

D. initial phase

17) A transaction processing system is also called as ........

A. processing monitor

B. transaction monitor

C. TP monitor

D. monitor

18) After the nodes are prepared, the distributed transaction is said to be ......

A. in-doubt

B. in-prepared

C. prepared transaction

D. in-node

19) In .........., we have many mini transactions within a main transaction.

A. transaction control

B. chained transaction

C. nested transaction

D. calling transaction

20) In a two-phase locking protocol, a transaction release locks in ......... phase.

A. shrinking phase

B. growing phase

C. running phase

D. initial phase

Answers:

1) D. phantom read problem

2) C. confirming an action or triggering a response

3) A. locking

4) A. read

5) D. read

6) C. global coordinator

7) B. update

8) C. read and write

9) C. deadlock

10) A. two phase commit

11) C. serialisability

12) D. deadlock

13) A. two phase locking

14) C. Forget phase

15) B. central coordinator

16) B. growing phase

17) C. TP monitor

18) A. in-doubt

19) B. chained transaction

20) A. shrinking phase

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